Ringworm in cats - answers from veterinarians to all questions about the disease

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If a cat has hairless areas on its body, peeling, redness, itching of the skin, there is a high probability that the pet has contracted lichen .

Ringworm is a highly contagious mycotic disease that affects both animals and humans. The causative agent of the disease is a microscopic fungus of a certain type. Depending on the type of fungus, the disease looks and is treated differently. The same ringworm in a cat can be caused by different fungi.

First, the skin is damaged, then the disease spreads to the fur and claws. First of all, weak or injured animals catch the disease, but good health does not guarantee that the disease will pass by.

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The problem is very serious, and the disease is easily transmitted from cat to person, so when the first symptoms are detected, treatment begins.

Where does a cat get lichen from?

The spores remain viable in unfavorable natural environmental conditions for about two years. The fungus gets onto the animal's fur from the fur of other cats, or from an area where the pet often visits. Disputes can settle on furniture and any area of ​​the apartment. The fungi are viable for about two years, but as soon as they enter a warm, humid environment, they wake up and become infected.

The disease may not manifest itself at first, but after 2-3 months the first signs will become noticeable. Most often, kittens suffer from lichen due to their underdeveloped immune system, weakened older cats, infected with parasites or lacking proper nutrition. Thus, the disease wanders from animal to animal endlessly, unless a person intervenes and treats the pet or its immunity, breaking the chain.

Genetic weakness of immunity to fungal diseases plays a role; exotic breeds are especially vulnerable.

Dangerous water

Leptospirosis is an acute infectious disease that affects both people and animals. Outbreaks of leptospirosis occur mainly in the summer. The main way leptospirosis spreads is through water. When traveling out of town, try to avoid staying near livestock farms or pastures. The cause of the disease can be the consumption of water from open sources, since animals that carry leptospirosis can introduce leptospira into the water along with saliva and urine. Small forest lakes and ponds with stagnant water, which are often natural foci of leptospirosis, are not suitable for washing and swimming. The causative agent of the disease can enter the human body through damaged skin and mucous membranes. The digestive tract can also be the “gate of entry” for infection. If, despite all precautions, you have chills, a sharp rise in temperature, headaches and muscle pain, or inflamed eyes, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Can a person get shingles from a cat?

It is not difficult for ringworm spores to get on the bare skin of a person, which, unlike animals, is not protected by fur. The infection reaches a person from an infected cat even during the incubation period when touching the fur. Therefore, it is important to understand that an animal that has contracted lichen becomes a carrier of the disease even at the earliest stage.

Immunity plays a big role: children and older people are more susceptible to fungal spores. Treatment is long-term; even a mild form, if treatment is ineffective, develops into a chronic form, which will certainly affect health.

Signs of the disease in humans

The incubation period for lichen, which can be contracted from a cat, ranges from 2 days to 1.5 months. Most often, the disease manifests itself on days 6–8. Its symptoms differ depending on the location of the outbreak. In general terms, microsporia is represented by an oval pink spot with a rim of a darker color.

Without treatment, the number of plaques increases and they merge with each other. A person with lichen from a cat experiences slight itching in areas of redness.

Important! Feline lichen in humans most often develops when infected through contact and household contact. The use of personal equipment and good hygiene are very important.

Ringworm, which a person could contract from a cat, often affects the scalp. In this case, foci of infection will be represented by a reddened bald spot and a flaky center. And if left untreated, they will begin to increase in size and cause hair loss.

If lichen is transmitted from cats to children, it can become chronic. Moreover, girls are much more susceptible to it than boys. In boys, especially teenagers, it is characterized by a mild course.

Chronic microsporia affects:

• back of the head;
• shoulders;
• scalp;
• joints;
• palms;
• feet;
• nail plates.

Any skin changes are characterized by itching and flaking. Less commonly, a person may experience weakness, fever, and drowsiness.

Types of lichen in cats

The microorganisms that cause the development of lichen in cats are called Trichophyton, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum. The first pathogen gives the consonant name of the disease trichophathia, and as a result of the influence of Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum, microsporia is detected. All three types have identical symptoms, and the ringworm is called ringworm.

In addition to the most common ringworm, there is also pink, oozing, pityriasis versicolor and herpes zoster. Each type has its own external signs and treatment methods.

Ringworm in cats

The fungal disease defined as ringworm in cats also has another name - dermatophytosis. The disease appears as a result of activation of fungi of the genus Microsporum (microsporia) and Trichophyton (trichophyton), penetrating into the superficial subcutaneous layers and feeding on the upper epithelium of the skin.

The disease is especially dangerous for cats with long hair - long hair makes it difficult to discern pathological inflammatory changes on the skin in time.

Ringworm or clipped lichen is a collective image. This term refers to a dermatophytosis range of different pathogens. The fungus, once on the fur, can hide and not show itself for a long time, although the pet will be a source of disease for humans. Externally, in a person, the affected area resembles a ring in shape and necessarily requires treatment.

Symptoms of ringworm

Initially, lichen spots appear on the ears or limbs of cats, resembling scales or grayish ash. The affected areas can be located in different places, and the typical signs of each type are not distinguished separately. Sometimes small ulcers may appear. A small spot gradually grows. Itching is not necessary. When the claws are affected, their abnormal growth and deformation are noticeable.

Most often in cats, ringworm is located on the head, ears or tail. The spots can stretch out, pass through the muzzle, or in advanced cases cover the entire body. The skin at the site of the lesion is greasy and very flaky. Wool can fall out actively and at an average rate; hairballs often form.

Despite the external characteristic signs of lichen, the specialist conducts research and analyzes all data for an accurate diagnosis. The most commonly used method for identifying ringworm in cats is using a Wood's lamp, in the light of which the fungi fluoresce. Trichophytosis does not react to this lamp, and a fungus can be detected on the fur of a healthy pet, although the cat is not infected, so the material from the affected area is examined under a microscope and the fungus is inoculated into a special identification medium.

Treatment of ringworm

It is imperative to treat such a contagious disease, as it can cause many complications. The approach to treatment should be systematic and comprehensive: the treatment regimen includes local and internal antimycotic drugs.

The first step is to treat the affected areas: the hair around them is shaved off and the area is treated with an antiseptic. For a global external attack on the source of the disease, the cat is washed with antifungal shampoo, for example, Nizoral and Sebozol, developed specifically for these purposes. The benefits of these shampoos are based on the component ketoconazole, which actively acts on various fungi.

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Antifungal shampoo alone is not enough; it is only an additional measure to combat diseases, helping to relieve itching and improve the condition of the animal’s skin and coat.

Local treatment is based on taking ointments with an antifungal spectrum of action: Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Sanoderm. The ointments are suitable for both short-haired cat breeds that have contracted lichen infection, and long-haired ones.

The diet of a sick cat should include an additional vitamin and mineral complex.

Contact with other pets and household members is prohibited. Anyone who undertakes to treat an animal must take precautions and wear gloves. The room where the pet is kept must be sanitized regularly.

Pityriasis rosea in cats

A type of herpes zoster, not dangerous to humans , has a complex nature. The cause of the disease is not fungal spores or other microorganisms. First, a pink, clearly defined spot with a diameter of up to 2 cm is noticed on the cat, which can flake and itch. The edges of the spots may be separated by scales.

Pityriasis rosea in cats appears as a result of allergic or infectious factors. The virus can be transmitted to another sick animal, and a cat with a severely weakened immune system is susceptible to the disease. For other animals, this form of the disease, also called Zhiber's lichen, is contagious. But a cat with good immunity is not at risk of transmitting the disease, so the best treatment is proper nutrition for your furry pet.

Pityriasis rosea in a cat can become a kind of indicator of the health of the owner's pet - probably a healthy-looking cat has some hidden pathologies and there is a need for a thorough health check by a veterinarian.

Although a person is not in danger of contracting this type of disease, it is better to protect the animal from other family members until it has fully recovered.

Treatment of pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis rosea is not so terrible, since it is quite capable of disappearing on its own without human intervention. But this is typical for a mild form of the disease.

Since the animal that has contracted the infection is weakened, adjustments are made to its diet: first they include light food, completely removing dry food and allergens. This measure will help relieve itching. Administration of antihistamines is acceptable. If the itching is unbearable and the animal scratches continuously, the veterinarian prescribes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which do not treat the disease, but help cope with its manifestations.

A sick cat is not allowed outside, any water treatments are stopped, contact with pets is limited, and care is also taken to ensure that the animal does not lie on the windowsill in the sun.

They especially carefully monitor their diet, selecting vitamin and mineral supplements to boost their pet’s immunity.

Apricot or sea buckthorn oils will help relieve itching and alleviate the condition of exhausted skin.

Ringworm in cats

This skin lesion is not considered lichen in the full sense, because it is caused not by fungi, but by hormonal imbalance, a breakdown of the nervous system, the presence of various parasites or allergies. The disease can also be caused by burns, frostbite, vitamin deficiency or even hypervitaminosis, or be a consequence of a previous illness.

For humans, the so-called weeping eczema is not dangerous.

This type is manifested by the appearance of compacted areas of pink-red skin, with blisters and pustules on the surface.

The disease is characterized by compacted areas of skin, colored pinkish-red, and there may also be the presence of blisters and pustules on the surface. When opened, the wounds ooze and are painful for the pet.

The disease may be accompanied by a feverish state.

Symptoms of weeping lichen

First, red spots are noticed on the animal’s body; their temperature is higher than on other areas of the skin. When the owner tries to touch the spots, the pet’s protest will become obvious - the lesion is very painful.

The area may vary in size, but will be completely blistered and appear wet. When the vesicles rupture, fluid is released, the skin becomes infected, and pustules form.

After treatment, a crust will form at the site of the lesion, but cell renewal will contribute to the rapid growth of new hair.

Treatment of weeping lichen

Treatment must be systematic, stable and in full compliance with the regimen. If the systematicity of the procedures is violated, the disease will drag on and progress with temporary remissions and relapses.

It would be wise to consult a veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and treatment regimen. Therapy for the disease is quite simple: ointments with a drying effect are used for home treatment.

Salicylic ointment (2-, 5-, 10 percent) is an affordable antiseptic with an astringent effect that will relieve inflammation in a short time. It will take 10-12 days for the skin to recover. The treatment is carried out twice a day, and the area around the lesion is smeared.

An effective remedy with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antimycotic effects is sulfur ointment. The affected areas are treated twice a day for 2-3 weeks. The spot should disappear without a trace, only after this the therapy can be stopped. To prevent the cat from deciding to taste the ointment, you can shave the hair around the spot and make an application, securing it with a band-aid.

Ichthyol ointment is considered a proven remedy that can defeat weeping eczema in a pet in 10 days. Smear it on sore spots twice a day. No less effective is tar ointment, which easily copes with fungi and helps restore the skin. The course of treatment is 10 days.

Pityriasis versicolor in cats

Pityriasis versicolor or pityriasis versicolor in cats can be easily transmitted to both other animals and humans. However, it is not a common disease among pet fur babies. However, at the slightest suspicion of the pityriasis variety, immediately contact a veterinarian, fearing unpleasant consequences for the cat’s health.

A small oval spot found on a cat's body can be pink, pale yellow or even brown. Soon there are more spots, and they gradually merge into one.

This disease is caused by infection with a fungus (yeast), which is of a very pathogenic nature. Surprisingly, fungal spores can be found on the skin of almost every person or animal, but they can only manifest themselves in cases of serious immune disorders. Seborrheic skin and a humid, hot climate are considered especially favorable for the progression of the disease.

Symptoms of pityriasis versicolor

The symptoms of this variety are easily distinguishable:

• multi-colored spots appearing on the skin of the body;
• sometimes the spots look somewhat discolored;
• the surface of the spots can be smooth or resemble scales;
• when the air temperature drops, the lesions disappear and then reappear;
• the absence of itching is considered a characteristic sign for the correct diagnosis of the disease.

Treatment of pityriasis versicolor

In order to cure such cat lichen , medicinal ointments, liniments, powders and antifungal shampoos are used. Sometimes veterinarians recommend oral medications. Treatment is prescribed depending on the factors of the lesion: size, location of the spots, thickness.

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It is recommended to cut cats with long hair during illness - this way it is more likely that the owner will not miss the stain during external treatment.

External treatment products are sold in pharmacies without a prescription. Their composition is effective only for mild cases of infection, so treatment must be comprehensive. Oral remedies allow you to cope with the disease many times faster, saving time, effort and financial costs.

Such products as Imaverol (based on enilconazole) and Lime Sulfur (based on hydrogen sulfide of lime) have proven themselves to be excellent.

However, it is worth considering the possibility of side effects, therefore it is recommended to use such drugs strictly after visiting and consulting a veterinarian.

To prevent a possible relapse, the cat is washed 2-3 times a month with antifungal shampoos, especially if the animal lives in a humid and hot climate.

Shingles in cats

For some reason, there is still a misconception around the world that shingles is the privilege of cats and dogs. This type of infectious disease affects only people - the disease is caused by the chickenpox virus. No matter how much they want, cats cannot become infected with it.

There is a possibility that some other type common to pets is attributed to shingles in cats.

Reasons for the development of pink lichen of Zhiber

Although the disease has been known for a long time, its pathogenesis still remains unclear. Various factors and pathogens have been proposed as causes:

• infectious;
• viral;
• bacterial;
• fungal;
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae;
• “toxic rash due to unknown gastrointestinal infection”;
• insect bites;
• isomorphic response;
• autoimmune disease;
• psychogenic cause.

Insect bite
Early research suggested a connection to new, unused clothing. Lassar and Rosenthal attributed this role to flannel and knitwear.

The development of a peculiar skin plaque was observed at the site of insect bites, especially fleas, as well as on old scars, with healing gunshot wounds, and at the site of intramuscular injections, which suggests that pink dandruff is simply an isomorphic reaction.

Some scientists have tried to show that pityriasis rosea is a psychogenic disease and is more common in "highly stressed" or mentally ill people. According to them, stress can aggravate the lesion and cause itching. Others consider the psychosomatic theory unlikely.

Attempts have also been made to hypothesize that RP is a “toxic rash of gastrointestinal infection,” the result of dietary error and gastric dilatation.

In 1970, Birch and Rowell postulated an autoimmune cause of the disease, in which the predisposition was genetically determined and sensitized by microorganisms.

However, the infectious background of the disease is most widely considered. Clinical features of the pathology, such as the irregular occurrence of prodromal symptoms and the severity of morbidity in the autumn-spring period, indicate a viral etiology. There appears to be an association with a recent upper respiratory tract infection in some patients.

The spread of the disease in the family, among children at school, among soldiers in the barracks, among people using Turkish baths has not been confirmed, so many experts believe that it is a non-infectious disease.

However, pityriasis rosea has been found to be more common among dermatologists than among otolaryngologists, suggesting that it is spread through contact with low infectivity, leading to increased incidence with increasing number of contacts.

In addition, the pathology is more common in people with weakened immune systems, for example, pregnant women and patients with bone marrow transplantation. Spontaneous resolution and relapses, occurring in less than 3% of patients, are also consistent with the theory of a viral origin of the disease.

There is some objective evidence to support the viral theory of the disease. In 1968, scientists demonstrated the presence of picornavirus-like intranuclear bodies in the tissues of African green monkeys inoculated with a liquid that affected the color of the lesions, and in electronic sections of these lesions. However, none of the studies have identified the genome of picornaviruses. Pityriasis rosea has also been described in a patient with proven Echo virus infection.

The HHS-7 virus, a Roseola virus from betaherpesviruses, is also suspected. Viruses of this family cause acute and chronic infections. They can also remain latent for many years, and a weakened immune system leads to their activation. HHS viruses have been detected in children with RP and adults with pink dandruff in serum, white blood cells, and biopsies of skin lesions.

However, the relationship between pityriasis rosea and HHS-7 remains controversial according to some scientists, due to the low DNA sequence index of HHS-7. The virus has also been detected in the plasma of healthy people.

It has been suggested that the disease is associated with bacterial infection, including syphilis and tuberculosis. In 1942, student. Benedek explained the occurrence of the disease by the reactivation of latent foci of Baccillus endoparasiticus.

The role of Staphylococcus albus and hemolytic streptococci was also increased. In recent years, infections with Legionella micadadei, L. longbeachae, L. pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumonie, Ch. trachomatis, but the opinions of dermatologists about their role in the pathogenesis of RP are divided. Thus, the issue of the involvement of these microorganisms requires further research.

The clinical appearance of the mother's plate, with morphological features often resembling a lesion of mycosis, especially ringworm, suggests that the cause of pink dandruff may be a fungal infection.

Some medications also sometimes cause skin lesions similar to pityriasis rosea. Among them:

• captopril;
• metronidazole;
• isotretinoin;
• D-penicillamine;
• levamisole;
• diphtheria toxoid;
• bismuth;
• gold;
• barbiturates;
• ketotifen;
• clonidine;
• terbinafine;
• omeprazole

Pityriasis rosea has been reported following administration of BCG, IFN-alpha and hepatitis B vaccines.

Now scientists are inclined to conclude that such a reaction of the body can be caused by various factors, and this is very important to take into account when diagnosing pathology. By identifying the suspected cause, you can quickly and permanently get rid of unpleasant symptoms.

The most likely reasons are a weakened immune system and the activation of one of the types of herpes viruses against this background. Therefore, it is necessary to consider all causes that weaken the immune system.

If lichen in pregnant cats

Caring for cat offspring excludes the use of antifungal agents in a pregnant cat infected with lichen. In this case, herbal medicine comes to the fore. Traditional medicine treated this disease before the development of industrial medicines, so you can rely on proven herbs: oregano, burdock, yarrow, tricolor violet, common valerian and some others.

Herbs can be combined in a recipe or used individually.

Stinging nettle, oregano, tricolor violet - these effective herbs are used in dried form. Take 1 part of each herb and mix. Brew 2 tbsp in 500 ml of boiling water. dry raw materials. After 20 minutes of infusion, the medicine is filtered and offered to the cat up to 4 times a day in the form of a warm drink half an hour before meals. Treatment is continued until recovery.

If the cat refuses to drink, then it is advisable to include valerian in the recipe.

Lesions can be treated externally with diluted tea tree oil. This is an excellent antimycotic agent, but it is not used in its pure form, but diluted in olive or peach oil (4 drops per tablespoon). Apply stains three times a day until they disappear completely.

Diagnosis of pityriasis rosea

The diagnosis can most likely be made based on the history and clinical picture. Differentiation should take into account, among other things:

• mycosis;
• psoriasis;
• seborrheic dermatitis;
• drug allergies;
• eczema;
• parapsoriasis.

Seborrheic dermatitis
These diseases produce similar symptoms, but require special treatment.

To make a diagnosis, you need to carry out a number of special tests, for example, scrapings of the affected areas, serological studies. Blood and urine tests are also prescribed to understand whether there is inflammation in the body and its consequences.

Some patients, after reading articles from the Internet and looking at pictures, make a diagnosis for themselves, refusing tests. The result of such behavior is often sad. As a result, they get advanced contagious lichen or another equally unpleasant disease.

Treatment of lichen at home

To cure your pet you will need to follow a number of rules:

• The room where the cat is kept must be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Sterility is the enemy of fungi;
• ointments and sprays are used to treat foci of the pet’s disease 2-3 times a day for 2 weeks;
• wash the cat with antifungal shampoos twice a week for 6 weeks;
• Injections against feline lichen . There are contraindications for pregnant women, nursing kittens and kittens under 2 months. The prices for lichen vaccines for cats are low, but the effect is excellent;
• the use of griseofulvin, itraconazole, and ketonazole tablets. The drugs are given every 12 hours at a dose of 5-10 mg per 1 kg of body weight;
• stains can be treated with iodine, which will promote their speedy healing.

Treatment

A form of feline lichen that is transmitted to humans requires contacting a dermatologist. The doctor will conduct an examination and, if necessary, a more accurate diagnosis. Based on the results, therapy is prescribed that is aimed at combating the fungus.

It includes:

1. Drug treatment. Involves taking drugs based on itraconazole. It slows down the synthesis of fungi, which together provides an antifungal effect.
2. Local therapy. These are ointments, creams, shampoos based on clotrimazole, mycoseptin, ketoconazole and other active ingredients. As an auxiliary treatment, treatment of the affected areas with iodine solution, sulfur-salicylic ointment, Vidal's milk, and Lassar's paste is prescribed.

In the chronic form, vitamin therapy is additionally administered, immunomodulators and drugs are prescribed that help strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Upon completion of treatment, a second scraping is performed.

In case of a positive result, the treatment regimen is changed; in case of a negative result, the person is considered recovered.

If a person is infected with shingles

A person who keeps furry pets in the house must be prepared for the fact that some diseases can spread from a sick cat to all family members.

Treatment of a person infected with lichen from a cat is carried out in parallel with the treatment of a pet. Complex therapy is used:

• all sore spots are treated with antifungal ointments, iodine, fucarcin;
• during treatment, do not take a bath or rub the skin with a washcloth;
• take antifungal and antihistamines orally;
• The diet includes a complex of vitamins.

Disease on bird rights

Indoor birds (budgies, canaries and other small songbirds) can be a source of infection with psittacosis (pneumochlamydia). People who usually have constant contact with birds get it. When infected at home, family outbreaks can occur. Infection occurs by airborne droplets - when particles of bird feces are inhaled with dust while cleaning cages. The disease usually occurs 5–10 days after an infected bird appears in the house. If your feathered pet has been living with you for several months, then most likely it is healthy and infection is unlikely (if during this time there has been no contact with other birds). A sick person develops chills, headache and muscle pain, an increase in body temperature to 38-40 degrees, a dry cough and sore throat. On the fifth to seventh day, chest pain, shortness of breath, cough with bloody mucous sputum, and signs of pneumonia appear. A person suffers from insomnia and dizziness. If you do not consult a doctor in time, subsequent relapses and the disease may become chronic. The danger of the disease should not be underestimated, therefore, when the first signs of illness appear, you should immediately see a doctor.

Prevention of feline lichen

Deprivation in a cat can be avoided thanks to preventive measures:

• the house must be clean, and the cat’s sleeping area must be disinfected regularly;
• furniture surfaces are wiped with a bleach solution once a week;
• It is not advisable for the pet to have contact with stray cats and dogs;
• The cat's diet must be balanced and contain all important vitamins, micro- and macroelements.
• Preventive measures also include regular examination by a veterinarian, who can immediately detect the first symptoms of an incipient disease and prescribe adequate treatment.

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As already mentioned, the disease is more often contracted by animals with weakened immune systems, as well as kittens and older cats. This is a risk group that requires more attentive care and quality nutrition.

Caution – toxoplasmosis!

Humans can be infected with toxoplasmosis by dogs, cats, rabbits, as well as ornamental, singing and farm birds. In animals, the pathogen is excreted in feces and urine, and mucus from the nose. People become infected mainly through contaminated foods. Once in the human body, the pathogen spreads through the bloodstream, affecting the brain, eyes, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. Acute toxoplasmosis is usually accompanied by fever, headache and muscle pain. Chronic can last for years and is expressed in low-grade fever, irritability, decreased visual acuity, memory and performance. Prevention of the disease consists of identifying and treating sick animals, which must be periodically examined. The most important measure is washing hands after contact with animals, as well as heat treatment of meat and dairy products.

Symptoms

The disease manifests itself in the form of spots on the skin.
First, several so-called maternal formations about 5 cm in size appear. Then, over the course of a week, a large number of similar spots of smaller sizes scatter throughout the body. The most vulnerable areas are the abdomen, shoulders and hips. Rashes are rare on the face and neck. All spots, both maternal and “baby” ones, have the same appearance: pink or with a yellowish tint, round in shape, flaky inside with a smooth rim. Often, apart from spots, this disease does not manifest itself in any way. Therefore, as soon as any characteristic formations are discovered on the body, you should immediately contact a special clinic to diagnose pityriasis rosea. Sometimes itching appears in the affected areas, and the lymph nodes on the neck and chin become enlarged. If a person’s immunity is severely weakened, severe fatigue, fever or general intoxication of the whole body appears. There are cases when the external manifestation differs from the usual: blisters or white nodules appear on the skin.